Prof. Dr. med. Botond Roska Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel Profiles & Affiliations OverviewResearch Publications Projects & Collaborations Projects & Collaborations OverviewResearch Publications Projects & Collaborations Profiles & Affiliations Projects & Collaborations 12 foundShow per page10 10 20 50 Human Optic Nerve Model for In Vivo Study of Optic Neuropathies (Spark) Research Project | 2 Project MembersImported from Grants Tool 4702566 Precision gene therapy toolkit for drug delivery in ocular diseases Research Project | 2 Project MembersImported from Grants Tool 4704387 The functional role of cell type specific genes in the human retina Research Project | 1 Project MembersImported from Grants Tool 4701615 The functional architecture of bipolar cells in the human fovea Research Project | 1 Project MembersNo Description available Restoring high-resolution vision using optogenetics Research Project | 2 Project MembersNo Description available Molecular mechanism of eye growth and myopia Research Project | 1 Project MembersNo Description available Visual integration in the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus Research Project | 2 Project MembersNo Description available Connecting visual and cognitive brain circuits Research Project | 1 Project MembersVisual input to the brain drives different functions. While mechanistic insights into how visual circuits drive reflexes, entrain daily rhythms, and lead to a percept have been obtained in the last decades, little is known about how visual circuits interact with circuits involved in high level cognitive functions. In this project, we aim to examine the link between the circuits involved in generating head direction signals and the circuits that are part of the early visual system. We make use of genetic and viral-tracing tools as well as single cell resolution in vivo electrophysiology and imaging in freely moving and head fixed mice to attack these questions. The importance of this is project that it provides a causal link between vision and cognition. We foresee that knowledge emerging from this work could reveal new principles about how vision serves different cognitive systems by providing specifically preprocessed input. NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering - phase 2 Research Project | 30 Project MembersMolecular Systems Engineering is a National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), and headed by the University of Basel and the ETH Zurich. This NCCR combines expertise from chemistry, biology, physics, bioinformatics, and engineering. The overreaching aim is to develop tools and devices to monitor and manipulate off-equilibrium (bio)chemical systems. These may find applications in the synthesis of high added-value products, as innovative diagnostic tools and for the restoration of a desired cellular or organ function. Visual processing in foveated retinæ in the presence of self-motion Research Project | 3 Project MembersThe visual input is influenced by self-motion in a number of qualitatively distinct ways. In our projected work, we will focus mainly on high-amplitude, directed self-motion, rather than on the low-amplitude, possibly random motion (such as fixational eye movements). We will be interested in the effects of saccades and smooth self-motion. Saccades are rapid, ballistic movements of the eye, which shift the image on the retina from one location to another. Smooth, global motion of the image on the retina results from eye or body movements; of particular behavioral interest is smooth pursuit motion, in which the eye rotates so as to stabilize a moving object on the retina.There are a number of technical and conceptual challenges to the study of visual processing in the presence of self-motion, which range from the design of the stimulus through recording of neuronal activity to the analysis of this activity. Saccadic motion cannot be simulated with standard stimulation devices. Different cell types in the retina come with different physiological properties and, in particular, different sensitivities to motion. In the presence of self-motion, we thus have to be able to examine processing in different cell types separately. In primates, smooth pursuit motion stabilizes a moving object on the fovea. Thus, it is important to have access to the activity of foveal cells, in which visual processing may be organized differently from processing in the periphery. Finally, global motion stimulates a large population of cells in the retina, and, hence, it is necessary to have the technological means to record from such large populations and to have the computational methods to analyze their outputs.We propose to investigate how identified types of ganglion cells, the output cells of the retina, represent visual information individually and collectively in the presence of self-motion, in non-human primate and human retinæ. We will combine expertise in engineering, biomedicine, neurobiology, and theoretical neuroscience to develop methods for adequately stimulating the retina and for recording the spiking activity from large populations of genetically and functionally identified ganglion cells. The use of a large microelectrode array to record simultaneously from the fovea and the periphery, together with computational analyses of the recorded activity, will allow us to characterize foveal and peripheral processing and their interaction.Our projected work will be innovative along several directions. First, it will provide the first description of the responses of identified human retinal ganglion cells. Second, it will yield insights about visual computations by neurons, through the analysis of the activity of a large fraction of the retina submitted to self-motion. Third, it will put forth a first paradigm for the study of the interaction between fovea and periphery in non-human primate and human retinæ. While the study of vision in the presence of self-motion has a long history in psychophysics, comparatively little is known on processing in neural circuits. Our proposed investigations will contribute to filling this gap. 12 12 OverviewResearch Publications Projects & Collaborations
Projects & Collaborations 12 foundShow per page10 10 20 50 Human Optic Nerve Model for In Vivo Study of Optic Neuropathies (Spark) Research Project | 2 Project MembersImported from Grants Tool 4702566 Precision gene therapy toolkit for drug delivery in ocular diseases Research Project | 2 Project MembersImported from Grants Tool 4704387 The functional role of cell type specific genes in the human retina Research Project | 1 Project MembersImported from Grants Tool 4701615 The functional architecture of bipolar cells in the human fovea Research Project | 1 Project MembersNo Description available Restoring high-resolution vision using optogenetics Research Project | 2 Project MembersNo Description available Molecular mechanism of eye growth and myopia Research Project | 1 Project MembersNo Description available Visual integration in the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus Research Project | 2 Project MembersNo Description available Connecting visual and cognitive brain circuits Research Project | 1 Project MembersVisual input to the brain drives different functions. While mechanistic insights into how visual circuits drive reflexes, entrain daily rhythms, and lead to a percept have been obtained in the last decades, little is known about how visual circuits interact with circuits involved in high level cognitive functions. In this project, we aim to examine the link between the circuits involved in generating head direction signals and the circuits that are part of the early visual system. We make use of genetic and viral-tracing tools as well as single cell resolution in vivo electrophysiology and imaging in freely moving and head fixed mice to attack these questions. The importance of this is project that it provides a causal link between vision and cognition. We foresee that knowledge emerging from this work could reveal new principles about how vision serves different cognitive systems by providing specifically preprocessed input. NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering - phase 2 Research Project | 30 Project MembersMolecular Systems Engineering is a National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), and headed by the University of Basel and the ETH Zurich. This NCCR combines expertise from chemistry, biology, physics, bioinformatics, and engineering. The overreaching aim is to develop tools and devices to monitor and manipulate off-equilibrium (bio)chemical systems. These may find applications in the synthesis of high added-value products, as innovative diagnostic tools and for the restoration of a desired cellular or organ function. Visual processing in foveated retinæ in the presence of self-motion Research Project | 3 Project MembersThe visual input is influenced by self-motion in a number of qualitatively distinct ways. In our projected work, we will focus mainly on high-amplitude, directed self-motion, rather than on the low-amplitude, possibly random motion (such as fixational eye movements). We will be interested in the effects of saccades and smooth self-motion. Saccades are rapid, ballistic movements of the eye, which shift the image on the retina from one location to another. Smooth, global motion of the image on the retina results from eye or body movements; of particular behavioral interest is smooth pursuit motion, in which the eye rotates so as to stabilize a moving object on the retina.There are a number of technical and conceptual challenges to the study of visual processing in the presence of self-motion, which range from the design of the stimulus through recording of neuronal activity to the analysis of this activity. Saccadic motion cannot be simulated with standard stimulation devices. Different cell types in the retina come with different physiological properties and, in particular, different sensitivities to motion. In the presence of self-motion, we thus have to be able to examine processing in different cell types separately. In primates, smooth pursuit motion stabilizes a moving object on the fovea. Thus, it is important to have access to the activity of foveal cells, in which visual processing may be organized differently from processing in the periphery. Finally, global motion stimulates a large population of cells in the retina, and, hence, it is necessary to have the technological means to record from such large populations and to have the computational methods to analyze their outputs.We propose to investigate how identified types of ganglion cells, the output cells of the retina, represent visual information individually and collectively in the presence of self-motion, in non-human primate and human retinæ. We will combine expertise in engineering, biomedicine, neurobiology, and theoretical neuroscience to develop methods for adequately stimulating the retina and for recording the spiking activity from large populations of genetically and functionally identified ganglion cells. The use of a large microelectrode array to record simultaneously from the fovea and the periphery, together with computational analyses of the recorded activity, will allow us to characterize foveal and peripheral processing and their interaction.Our projected work will be innovative along several directions. First, it will provide the first description of the responses of identified human retinal ganglion cells. Second, it will yield insights about visual computations by neurons, through the analysis of the activity of a large fraction of the retina submitted to self-motion. Third, it will put forth a first paradigm for the study of the interaction between fovea and periphery in non-human primate and human retinæ. While the study of vision in the presence of self-motion has a long history in psychophysics, comparatively little is known on processing in neural circuits. Our proposed investigations will contribute to filling this gap. 12 12
Human Optic Nerve Model for In Vivo Study of Optic Neuropathies (Spark) Research Project | 2 Project MembersImported from Grants Tool 4702566
Precision gene therapy toolkit for drug delivery in ocular diseases Research Project | 2 Project MembersImported from Grants Tool 4704387
The functional role of cell type specific genes in the human retina Research Project | 1 Project MembersImported from Grants Tool 4701615
The functional architecture of bipolar cells in the human fovea Research Project | 1 Project MembersNo Description available
Restoring high-resolution vision using optogenetics Research Project | 2 Project MembersNo Description available
Molecular mechanism of eye growth and myopia Research Project | 1 Project MembersNo Description available
Visual integration in the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus Research Project | 2 Project MembersNo Description available
Connecting visual and cognitive brain circuits Research Project | 1 Project MembersVisual input to the brain drives different functions. While mechanistic insights into how visual circuits drive reflexes, entrain daily rhythms, and lead to a percept have been obtained in the last decades, little is known about how visual circuits interact with circuits involved in high level cognitive functions. In this project, we aim to examine the link between the circuits involved in generating head direction signals and the circuits that are part of the early visual system. We make use of genetic and viral-tracing tools as well as single cell resolution in vivo electrophysiology and imaging in freely moving and head fixed mice to attack these questions. The importance of this is project that it provides a causal link between vision and cognition. We foresee that knowledge emerging from this work could reveal new principles about how vision serves different cognitive systems by providing specifically preprocessed input.
NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering - phase 2 Research Project | 30 Project MembersMolecular Systems Engineering is a National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), and headed by the University of Basel and the ETH Zurich. This NCCR combines expertise from chemistry, biology, physics, bioinformatics, and engineering. The overreaching aim is to develop tools and devices to monitor and manipulate off-equilibrium (bio)chemical systems. These may find applications in the synthesis of high added-value products, as innovative diagnostic tools and for the restoration of a desired cellular or organ function.
Visual processing in foveated retinæ in the presence of self-motion Research Project | 3 Project MembersThe visual input is influenced by self-motion in a number of qualitatively distinct ways. In our projected work, we will focus mainly on high-amplitude, directed self-motion, rather than on the low-amplitude, possibly random motion (such as fixational eye movements). We will be interested in the effects of saccades and smooth self-motion. Saccades are rapid, ballistic movements of the eye, which shift the image on the retina from one location to another. Smooth, global motion of the image on the retina results from eye or body movements; of particular behavioral interest is smooth pursuit motion, in which the eye rotates so as to stabilize a moving object on the retina.There are a number of technical and conceptual challenges to the study of visual processing in the presence of self-motion, which range from the design of the stimulus through recording of neuronal activity to the analysis of this activity. Saccadic motion cannot be simulated with standard stimulation devices. Different cell types in the retina come with different physiological properties and, in particular, different sensitivities to motion. In the presence of self-motion, we thus have to be able to examine processing in different cell types separately. In primates, smooth pursuit motion stabilizes a moving object on the fovea. Thus, it is important to have access to the activity of foveal cells, in which visual processing may be organized differently from processing in the periphery. Finally, global motion stimulates a large population of cells in the retina, and, hence, it is necessary to have the technological means to record from such large populations and to have the computational methods to analyze their outputs.We propose to investigate how identified types of ganglion cells, the output cells of the retina, represent visual information individually and collectively in the presence of self-motion, in non-human primate and human retinæ. We will combine expertise in engineering, biomedicine, neurobiology, and theoretical neuroscience to develop methods for adequately stimulating the retina and for recording the spiking activity from large populations of genetically and functionally identified ganglion cells. The use of a large microelectrode array to record simultaneously from the fovea and the periphery, together with computational analyses of the recorded activity, will allow us to characterize foveal and peripheral processing and their interaction.Our projected work will be innovative along several directions. First, it will provide the first description of the responses of identified human retinal ganglion cells. Second, it will yield insights about visual computations by neurons, through the analysis of the activity of a large fraction of the retina submitted to self-motion. Third, it will put forth a first paradigm for the study of the interaction between fovea and periphery in non-human primate and human retinæ. While the study of vision in the presence of self-motion has a long history in psychophysics, comparatively little is known on processing in neural circuits. Our proposed investigations will contribute to filling this gap.
