UNIverse - Public Research Portal
Unit background
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Department of History

Projects & Collaborations

39 found
Show per page
Project cover

Perished but Preserved: Zoological Material of Extinction

Research Project  | 2 Project Members

This sub-project investigates extinct species, related to the geographical frameworks of the overall SNF project, as a way to explore historical and contemporary attitudes toward animal preservation. The focus will be on emblematic species such as the quagga, the thylacine, but also some mammals of South Africa and various birds and reptiles from the Pacific and South America. The study analyses both the historical causes of their extinction – primarily linked to colonial violence, native ecosystem disruption, scientific practices during the 19th century – and their contemporary symbolic and educational value – how these animals are testimonies to interspecies history and have become emblems of ecological awareness today.


Methodologically, the project integrates material culture studies with human-animal studies. It adopts a transregional approach to compare the preparation and preservation techniques of specimens held in different major natural history museums. In parallel, it engages with archival sources to highlight the motivations and mechanisms behind the large-scale killing. In doing so, the sub-project examines extinction as both a material and conceptual legacy of violence.

Project cover

Self-Control: Race, Gender, and Social Science, 1950–today

Research Project  | 1 Project Members

Inhalt und Ziel des Forschungsprojekts

Das Projekt untersucht Experimente, Langzeitstudien und kulturvergleichende Untersuchungen, die sich seit 1950 mit dem Thema Selbstkontrolle beschäftigten und weltweit durchgeführt wurden. Gefragt wird nach den politischen und gesellschaftlichen Dimensionen der Forschung zum Thema Selbstkontrolle. Ein besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei der Frage, wie Konzepte der Selbstkontrolle zur Erklärung von race- und geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede herangezogen wurden.


Wissenschaftlicher und gesellschaftlicher Kontext 

Das Projekt integriert Materialien aus den Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenschaften mit Quellen der Sozial-, Politik- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Es leistet einen Beitrag zur Geschichte der Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenschaften ebenso wie zum tieferen Verständnis der historischen, sozialen und politischen Dimensionen sozialer und emotionaler Fähigkeiten.

Project cover

Waffenträger. Kriegerhabitus und politische Kultur im karolingischen Europa

Research Project  | 2 Project Members

Das Projekt „Waffenträger“ zielt darauf, die politische Kultur im karolingischen Europa - einer der formativen Epochen der Schweizerischen wie westeuropäischen Geschichte - in neuer und innovativer Weise zu verstehen. Obwohl es unstrittig ist, dass Waffengewalt zu jener Zeit eine der politischen Schlüsselressourcen darstellte, fokussiert sich die Forschung derzeit auf andere Aspekte der politischen Kultur. Es dominiert die Idee eines politischen Gemeinwesens, in dem das Politische und das Religiöse stark konvergierten, basierend auf christlichen Werten und Reminiszenzen an die Antike, mit einem hochentwickelten theoretischen Diskurs und elaborierten Verfahren des Verhandelns und Entscheidens. Den Referenzrahmen dieser politischen Kultur bezeichneten die Zeitgenossen als „Kirche“ (ecclesia).Doch dieses Bild einer „karolingischen Renaissance“ des Politischen lässt sich nur schwer mit der endemischen Kriegsführung und Gewalt des 8./9. Jh.s in Übereinstimmung bringen. Dieser unerklärte Widerspruch bildet den Ausgangspunkt des hier vorgestellten Projekts. Um ihn zu verstehen und zu erklären, werden drei aufeinander aufbauende Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Die erste analysiert, wie in der politischen Theorie der Zeit über Krieg und Waffengewalt reflektiert wurde. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die religiöse Rechtfertigung dafür auf den Herrscher beschränkt war, womit die militärische Aktivität weiter Teile der politischen Eliten entweder ignoriert oder sogar diffamiert wurde. Ein anderer, konkurrierender Diskurszusammenhang über Waffengewalt scheint auf. Allerdings ist er in dem üblicherweise für politische Fragen herangezogenen Quellenmaterial kaum erkennbar, was zur zweiten Untersuchung führt, die nach den Gründen dafür fragt. Hier scheint eine mediengeschichtliche Perspektive zielführend: Der Diskurs der politischen ecclesia monumentalisierte sich in dauerhaften Medien wie (illuminierten) Handschriften, Steingebäuden und Sakralobjekten, wohingegen der konkurrierende Diskurs über Krieg und Gewalt sich in ver-gänglicheren Medien wie mündlicher Dichtung, Performanzen oder beweglichen Objekten äußerte. Seine umfangreichsten Reste finden sich in den Verhaltensformen, die Bußtexte den militärischen Akteuren zuschrieben. Aus ihnen lässt sich ein Kriegerhabitus rekonstruieren, dessen wich-tigster Aspekt im Zentrum einer dritten Untersuchung steht: das Tragen von Waffen. Wie veränderte die Waffe ihren Träger, welche Möglichkeiten eröffnete sie ihm? Anhand mehrerer Mikrostudien lässt sich nachzeichnen, dass Waffen auch außerhalb des Krieges in zahlreichen Situationen verwendet wurden und dem bewaffneten Mann Handlungsoptionen schufen, die seine unbewaffneten Zeitgenossen nicht hatten.Das Quellenmaterial ist vielfältig: jenseits zahlreicher lateinischer Texte auch Bilder, Objekte, archäologische Befunde und vernakulare Überlieferung. Um dieses Material zu interpretieren, bedarf es neben den klassischen Methoden der Geschichtswissenschaft und der auf die jeweiligen Quellen spezialisierten Nachbardisziplinen noch fortgeschrittener methodisch-theoretischer Zugänge aus der Politologie wie der Soziologie. Erste Resultate zeigen, dass die ecclesia-Politie nur eine Seite der politischen Kultur darstellte - auf der anderen stand eine klar erkennbare Kriegergesellschaft, und die politischen Akteure mussten sich in beiden Kontexten sicher bewegen. Dies hat gravierende Konsequenzen, nicht nur für unsere Vorstellung von der karolingischen Welt und den mit ihr verbundenen makrohistorischen Entwicklungen, sondern auch für allgemeinere Debatten wie die um das Verhältnis von (monotheistischer) Religion und Gewalt oder dem Platz des Militärischen in der Politik. Darüber hinaus stellt der Befund einer „Kultur ohne Monument“ im Kernbereich einer literaten Gesellschaft grundsätzliche methodische Grundannahmen in Frage und regt dazu an, das Verhältnis von Quellenüberlieferung und gelebter Vergangenheit neu zu überdenken.

Project cover

Eine Geschichte des Heilmittelhandels in der Schweiz: AkteurInnen, Stoffe und Körperkulturen (18.-21. Jahrhundert)

Research Project  | 1 Project Members

Die einzige Darstellung der Geschichte des Heilmittelhandels in der modernen Schweiz stammt aus dem Jahr 1946: Josef Anton Häfligers Geschichte der ersten 100 Jahre des Schweizerischen Apotheker-Vereins. Die Mehrzahl der seither vorgelegten Studien folgt dem von Häfliger eingeschlagenen Pfad und interessiert sich vor allem für die Professionalisierung der Apothekerschaft. Vor diesem Hintergrund verfolgt das vierjährige Forschungs- und Vermittlungsprojekt am Departement Geschichte der Universität Basel das Ziel, die Geschichte des Heilmittelhandels in der Schweiz im Sinne einer umfassenden Geschichte der Gesundheitsproduktversorgung darzustellen: Es fragt, was zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten und Orten als heilendes oder gesundheitsförderndes Mittel galt und wer damit auf welche Weise Handel trieb. Unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Forschungsdebatten und auf Basis eines breiten, bisher kaum bearbeiteten Quellenkorpus werden dabei fünf miteinander verbundene Perspektiven verfolgt: die transepochale und die transregionale bzw. transnationale Dimension, die Akteursvielfalt innerhalb und jenseits der Apotheken, die Materialität der Stoffe, Technologien und (Logistik-) Infrastrukturen sowie die sich wandelnden Körperkulturen. Neben wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriftenartikeln sollen eine auf ein breiteres Publikum ausgerichtete Monografie sowie eine Ausstellung und Website in Kooperation mit dem Pharmaziemuseum der Universität Basel entstehen. Damit schlägt das Projekt auch eine Brücke zwischen den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften und dem Basler Forschungs- und Industrieschwerpunkt Life Sciences, während es zugleich Kontextwissen für eine fundierte gesellschaftliche Diskussion über diesen Themenbereich generiert und präsentiert.

Project cover

The Contested Politics of Global Sisterhood: Race, Sex, and the Young Women's Christian Association in Africa (1878-1971)

Research Project  | 1 Project Members

In the early 1910s, Adelaide Casely-Hayford became a leading activist in Sierra Leone, advocating for feminism and racial pride in Freetown. In 1919, Esther Fahmi Wisa participated in a women’s march that played a momentous role in the revolt against British rule in Egypt. In 1953, Evelyn Amarteifio established the influential National Federation of Gold Coast Women in Ghana. These cosmopolitan and literate African women shared common ground: they all shaped radical nationalist, anticolonial, and feminist movements that changed the African political landscape in the 20th century. But they also shared an unexpected feature. They were all involved in the World–Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), an international organisation more famous for its imperial and conservative legacy than its radical views. How can we reconcile these two contradictory stories? How does the history of the YWCA—at the crossroads of women-led British missionary work, American philanthropy, and Geneva-based liberal world order—align with that of African anticolonial feminist activists?

From its British overseas committees set up in 1878 to its first African-based conference held in Accra in 1971, the YWCA was used by bourgeois women to oversee the sexual behaviour and welfare of young single women living in urban settings, and to advance conservative ideas about gender, sexuality, class, and race. However, the literature on women’s rights movements argued that local African activists relied on the YWCA to build alliances between women, beyond class or race, in a common fight against colonial or local authorities, paving the way for the internationalisation of African women’s rights movements. As this prolific body of scholarship discussed whether Western women-led structures supported imperialism or African women’s emancipation—and sought to define this ‘Global Sisterhood’—the YWCA became central to academic conversations about international philanthropy, women’s activism, and youth movements. Yet, scholars did not delve into the history of the YWCA at global scale, let alone in Africa, nor illuminated what the organisation meant for African women. This project will be the first in-depth historical inquiry to chart what aspects of the gender and colonial orders were challenged by the YWCA and its African members, and how their embrace of conservative views affected their activism and alliances. It will explore how African women positioned themselves with regards to the two primary targets of the YWCA: sexuality and social welfare. Through this, the project will assess how the original YWCA’s class-based and gendered focus on sexuality and welfare was transformed by the racialised colonial setting, eventually informing policies and positions laid down at global scale.

The project will take place at the University of Basel department of history, and will be aided by international partnerships with France, United Kingdom, and Germany. Claire Nicolas will conduct research in archival centres across the world and use innovative digital humanities tools to analyse the Africa-related YWCA network. The project will use a cross-scale approach: from global history to in-depth focus on international meetings, transnational actors’ trajectories, and two key African associations (South Africa and Ghana). This will inform how changing ideas about women’s rights and Global Sisterhood intertwined and converged at global scale, thus challenging the analytical distinction between radical emancipatory politics and conservative transimperial faith-based movements. Overall, this project offers a unique perspective on the history of international organisations, from the vantage point of African women. This shift in focus will illuminate the history of faith-based international movements, the history of African women’s rights activists, and that of the contested politics of Global Sisterhood.

Picture: “Rose Petal Carpet for the Queen at YWCA Hostel,” Daily Telegraph and Morning Post, November 12, 1961. (World-YWCA Archives, Box Ghana II).

Project cover

Dynastic Femininities in the Age of Exploration: Extra-European Arguments and the Negotiation of Gender in Early Modern Europe

Research Project  | 1 Project Members

One of the key markers of the early modern period is the explosion of global mobility and interaction, made possible by innovations in navigation and the expansion of geographical knowledge. As Subrahmanyam aptly describes, this era was “in a fundamental way an age of travel and discovery.” [1] In recent years, early modern historians have studied the economic, intellectual, and migratory exchanges between world regions in various ways, highlighting their profound impact on societies worldwide. These studies have consistently demonstrated that global interactions were deeply gendered. In particular, analyses of colonial contexts have shown how family structures were often violently disrupted and reshaped, leading to new conceptions of gender roles for both women and men.

The project “Dynastic Femininities in the Age of Exploration” investigates how the newly acquired knowledge about extra-European societies in the early modern period influenced European discourse on gender roles. It focuses particularly on debates surrounding the political roles of women within dynastic elites. The project examines, how powerful women outside Europe— think of e.g. Empress Mentewab of Ethiopia, Sultana Chand Bibi of Bijapur, or Empress Dowager Xiaoding —were judged in European discourse, as well as how “extra-European arguments” were employed in the Querelle des Sexes.

The project draws on a range of sources, including literary texts from the Querelle des Sexes, political treatises, educational writings, and travel accounts. Combining approaches from gender history and the history of knowledge, the study highlights how closely European knowledge production was intertwined with global interactions. By situating the Querelle des Sexes within this broader context, it sheds light on an often-overlooked chapter of European intellectual history and offers fresh perspectives on the construction of gender and power in the early modern period.

[1] Sanjay Subrahmanyam, ‘Connected Histories: Notes toward a Reconfiguration of Early Modern Eurasia’, Modern Asian Studies 31 (1997), pp. 735–62, here p. 737.

Project cover

SPADE / Social Protection and Demographic Change, 1960s-1990s

Research Project  | 1 Project Members

Demographic expertise has become a crucial perspective in debates around the development of modern welfare states. Since the 1960s, many reforms answer to demographic changes (e.g. ageing societies); and demographic calculations are now regularly used for the technical construction of social protection policies. In public debates, demographic statistics also serve as an objectifying rhetoric, legitimising welfare state reforms as necessary or inescapable. However, demography is not a black box: what exactly is counted in demographic assessments (age, sex, fertility, migration) varies a lot, between national contexts and historically over recent decades. This project examines from a historical and comparative perspective how demography became a core element of modern welfare state policies since the 1960s. By analysing three fields of the welfare state (old-age pensions programs, health care and family policies) in three representative European countries (France, Italy and Switzerland), SPADE aims to identify which actors and which institutions contributed to making the problem of the demographic sustainability of social protection systems a political priority, and which solutions were envisaged. The project thus broadens the historiography of the welfare states, traditionally marked by approaches from social and political history, with novel perspectives from the history of science. By combining transnational and comparative approaches and by looking at the origins of the discourse about the so-called “welfare state crisis”, SPADE cast a new light on the transformations that the welfare state as a whole has undergone since the 1970s.


Project cover

Testing the Soviet Utopia: The Social History of Technologies in Ukraine, 1922-1991

Research Project  | 2 Project Members

A Joint Ukrainian-Swiss Research Project, supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation.

The project explores relationships between modern technologies, their emergence and use, and social and cultural change in Ukraine under Soviet rule (1922-1991). During this period, all production facilities were nationalized, technologies and their development were subject to centralized planning, and the Soviet state defined pathways for the distribution of goods. This system, radically distinct from market economies, both provided the foundations for specific Soviet designs of technological systems and encompassed, and potentially obscured, a much more complex reality, involving conflicting visions of technological development held by various lobby groups and arising from divergent points of view. The ideological frontier between “East” and “West” did not prevent the frequent transfer of Western technological innovations and solutions nor their implementation; the result was an often striking uniformity in global technological developments. In the meantime, under the radar of official ideology, citizens of the Soviet Union, including the Ukrainian Soviet Republic, practiced their own culture of the use, modification, and repair of technologies, which both helped to fill the gaps in supply of state-produced goods and, at times, gave rise to discontent and resistance.


In several subprojects conducted by individual researchers, our project will study a variety of small- and large-scale technologies:

  • photographic cameras and home laboratories.
  • tape recorders and sound systems in home settings.
  • bicycles, motorcycles, cars, and railroads.
  • biomedical technologies in healthcare facilities.


Project cover

Folklore in French-speaking Switzerland: A forgotten discipline? Amateur practices, social networks and the development of knowledge (1895-1950)

Research Project  | 1 Project Members

Since the end of the nineteenth century, folklore studies have developed all over the world to the point of becoming institutionalized in universities in academic chairs. This is the case in Switzerland, in Basel and Zurich. In French-speaking Switzerland, however, folklore never managed to find its place in the academic world, and there were no sections of the Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Volkskunde (Swiss Society of Folk Traditions) in Romandie. It is probably for this reason that the practice of the discipline in this part of the country has not yet been studied systematically. This silence is extremely problematic. Although folklore was not institutionalized, amateur production flourished between the end of the 19th century and the 1950s. This material and its authors have been completely neglected by historical research, partly because of the criticism formulated against the discipline, but obviously also because it was produced outside academic circles. Notwithstanding this academic lack of interest, the national and regional myths generated by this amateur production have become realities that are still invoked today, both for political and tourist purposes. There is therefore an urgent need to conduct a comprehensive study of this materials. The goal of my project is to reverse the approach generally used to study folklorists by focusing on the production of knowledge ‘from below’ and to write a history of this vast reservoir of knowledge, in order to provide scientists and the general public with tools to assess its real value. I look into the conditions of its production, as well as the folklorists’ networks to assess their impact on their research. Moreover, I address their political, religious, and scientific influences to determine whether the goals they pursued were guided by these interests and connections. Ultimately, this study shall highlight the reasons why the discipline has failed to become institutionalized in French-speaking Switzerland, and the relationships that have existed between Swiss folklore and local actors in this region. Thanks to my research, the works of French-speaking folklorists could be considered a heritage in their own right, in the same way as any other historical source, since this study would finally replace them in their production context.