Prof. Dr. med. Max Elmar Merkle

Akinci D’Antonoli, Tugba, Berger, Lucas K., Indrakanti, Ashraya K., Vishwanathan, Nathan, Weiss, Jakob, Jung, Matthias, Berkarda, Zeynep, Rau, Alexander, Reisert, Marco, Küstner, Thomas, Walter, Alexandra, Merkle, Elmar M., Boll, Daniel T., Breit, Hanns-Christian, Nicoli, Andrew Phillip, Segeroth, Martin, Cyriac, Joshy, Yang, Shan, & Wasserthal, Jakob. (2025). TotalSegmentator MRI: Robust Sequence-independent Segmentation of Multiple Anatomic Structures in MRI [Journal-article]. In Radiology (Vol. 314). Radiological Society of North America Inc. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.241613

Akinci D’Antonoli, Tugba, Berger, Lucas K., Indrakanti, Ashraya K., Vishwanathan, Nathan, Weiss, Jakob, Jung, Matthias, Berkarda, Zeynep, Rau, Alexander, Reisert, Marco, Küstner, Thomas, Walter, Alexandra, Merkle, Elmar M., Boll, Daniel T., Breit, Hanns-Christian, Nicoli, Andrew Phillip, Segeroth, Martin, Cyriac, Joshy, Yang, Shan, & Wasserthal, Jakob. (2025). TotalSegmentator MRI: Robust Sequence-independent Segmentation of Multiple Anatomic Structures in MRI [Journal-article]. Radiology, 314(2). https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.241613

Wetterauer, Christian, Matthias, Mark, Pueschel, Heike, Deckart, Alexander, Bubendorf, Lukas, Mortezavi, Ashkan, Arbelaez, Emilio, Jean Winkel, David, Heye, Tobias, Boll, Daniel T., Merkle, Elmar, Hayoz, Stefanie, Seifert, Helge H., & Rentsch, Cyrill A. (2024). Opportunistic Prostate Cancer Screening with Biparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (VISIONING). European Urology Focus, 10(2), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2024.02.006

Abel L, Wasserthal J, Meyer MT, Vosshenrich J, Yang S, Donners R, Obmann M, Boll D, Merkle E, Breit HC, Segeroth M. (2024). Intra-Individual Reproducibility of Automated Abdominal Organ Segmentation-Performance of TotalSegmentator Compared to Human Readers and an Independent nnU-Net Model. J Imaging Inform Med. .

Segeroth M, Breit HC, Wasserthal J, Bach M, Rentsch C, Matthias M, Wetterauer C, Merkle EM, Boll DT. (2024). AI-Based Evaluation of Prostate MR Imaging at a Modern Low-field 0.55 T Scanner Compared to 3 T in a Screening Cohort. Acad Radiol. .

Vosshenrich J, Mangold D, Aberle C, Cerminara A, Seifert HH, Osswald S, Merkle EM, Heye T. (2024). Interventional Imaging Systems in Radiology, Cardiology, and Urology: Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Electricity Costs. AJR Am J Roentgenol. .

Merkle, Elmar M., Bamberg, Fabian, & Vosshenrich, Jan. (2023). The Impact of Modern Imaging Techniques on Carbon Footprints: Relevance and Outlook. European Urology Focus, 9(6), 891–893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2023.09.009

Merkle, Elmar M. (2023). The potential of low-field MRI in abdominal imaging. European Radiology, 33(10), 6981–6983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-023-09676-z

Wetterauer, C., Matthias, M., Pueschel, H., Deckart, A., Bubendorf, L., Mortezavi, A., Arbelaez, E., Winkel, D. J., Heye, T., Boll, D. T., Merkle, E., Hayoz, S., Seifert, H. H., & Rentsch, C. A. (2023, September 8). Opportunistic PSA-free prostate cancer screening utilising biparametric MRI (VISIONING) [Posted-content]. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.07.23295039

Breit, Hanns-Christian, Vosshenrich, Jan, Heye, Tobias, Gehweiler, Julian, Winkel, David Jean, Potthast, Silke, Merkle, Elmar Max, & Boll, Daniel Tobias. (2023). Assessment of hepatic function employing hepatocyte specific contrast agent concentrations to multifactorially evaluate fibrotic remodeling. Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-22-884

Breit, Hanns-Christian, Vosshenrich, Jan, Heye, Tobias, Gehweiler, Julian, Winkel, David Jean, Potthast, Silke, Merkle, Elmar Max, & Boll, Daniel Tobias. (2023). Assessment of hepatic function employing hepatocyte specific contrast agent concentrations to multifactorially evaluate fibrotic remodeling [Journal-article]. Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery, 13(6), 4284–4294. https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-22-884

Heye, Tobias, Meyer, Manfred T., Merkle, Elmar M., & Vosshenrich, Jan. (2023). Turn It Off! A Simple Method to Save Energy and CO2 Emissions in a Hospital Setting with Focus on Radiology by Monitoring Nonproductive Energy-consuming Devices. Radiology, 307(4). https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.230162

Gutzeit, A., Strüby, Z., Sartoretti, T., Harder, D., Merkle, E., Matoori, S., Froehlich, J., Schindera, S., Laures, S., Hälg, C., Forstner, R., Hergan, K., Hecht, S., Konrad, C., Hoppe, H., Hausmann, O., Plümecke, T., Elfgen, J., Fröhlich, G., et al. (2023). Severe Anaphylactic Reaction to Contrast Agent. Are Medical Teams Adequately Trained to Save Lives? [Posted-content]. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4597990

Glessgen CG, Breit HC, Block TK, Merkle EM, Heye T, & Boll DT. (2022). Respiratory anomalies associated with gadoxetate disodium and gadoterate meglumine: compressed sensing MRI revealing physiologic phenomena during the entire injection cycle. Eur Radiol , 32, 346–354.

Rusche, Thilo, Vosshenrich, Jan, Winkel, David J., Donners, Ricardo, Segeroth, Martin, Bach, Michael, Merkle, Elmar M., & Breit, Hanns-Christian. (2022). More Space, Less Noise—New-generation Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems Can Improve Patient Comfort: A Prospective 0.55T–1.5T-Scanner Comparison. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226705

Breit HC, Vosshenrich J, Bach M, & Merkle EM. (2022). [New clinical applications for low-field magnetic resonance imaging : Technical and physical aspects]. Der Radiologe, 62(5), 394–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-022-00967-y

Vosshenrich J, Breit HC, Bach M, & Merkle EM. (2022). [Economic aspects of low-field magnetic resonance imaging : Acquisition, installation, and maintenance costs of 0.55 T systems]. Der Radiologe, 62(5), 400–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-022-00986-9

Glessgen C.G., Breit H.-C., Block T.K., Merkle E.M., Heye T, & Boll DT. (2022). Respiratory anomalies associated with gadoxetate disodium and gadoterate meglumine: compressed sensing MRI revealing physiologic phenomena during the entire injection cycle. European Radiology, 32(1), 346–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-021-08114-2

4) Vosshenrich J, Nesic I, Cyriac J, Boll DT, Merkle EM, & Heye T. (2021). Revealing the most common reporting errors through data mining of the report proofreading process. Eur Radiol, 31, 2115–2125.

Antwi K, Wiesner P., Merkle E.M., Zech CJ, Boll DT, Wild D, Christ E, & Heye T. (2021). Research article investigating difficult to detect pancreatic lesions: Characterization of benign pancreatic islet cell tumors using multiparametric pancreatic 3-T MRI. PLoS ONE, 16(6 June 2021), e0253078. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253078

Vosshenrich J, Nesic I, Cyriac J, Boll DT, Merkle EM, & Heye T. (2021). Revealing the most common reporting errors through data mining of the report proofreading process. European Radiology, 31(4), 2115–2125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07306-6

Vosshenrich J, Brantner P, Cyriac J, Boll DT, Merkle EM, & Heye T. (2021). Quantifying radiology resident fatigue: Analysis of preliminary reports. Radiology, 298(3), 632–639. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2021203486

5) Heye T, Knoerl R, Wehrle T, Mangold D, Cerminara A, Loser M, Plumeyer M, Degen M, Lüthy R, Brodbeck D, & Merkle EM. (2020). Energy Consumption of Radiology: Energy- and Cost-saving Opportunities for CT and MRI Operation. Radiology, 295, 593–605.

Zech CJ, Ba-Ssalamah A, Berg T, Chandarana H, Chau GY, Grazioli L, Kim MJ, Lee JM, Merkle EM, Murakami T, Ricke J, B Sirlin C, Song B, Taouli B, Yoshimitsu K, & Koh DM. (2020). Consensus report from the 8th International Forum for Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Eur Radiol, 30, 370–382.

Heye T, Knoerl R, Wehrle T, Mangold D, Cerminara A, Loser M, Plumeyer M, Degen M, Lüthy R, Brodbeck D, & Merkle E. (2020). The energy consumption of Radiology: Energy- And cost-saving opportunities for CT and MRI operation. Radiology, 295(3), 593–605. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020192084

Zech CJ, Ba-Ssalamah A, Berg T, Chandarana H, Chau GY, Grazioli L, Kim MJ, Lee JM, Merkle EM, Murakami T, Ricke J, B Sirlin C, Song B, Taouli B, Yoshimitsu K, & Koh DM. (2020). Consensus report from the 8th International Forum for Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging. European Radiology, 30, 370–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06369-4

Heilmaier C, Treier R, Merkle EM, Alkadhi H, Weishaupt D, & Schindera S. (2019). Correction to: National survey on dose data analysis in computed tomography. European Radiology, 29(2), 1063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5649-y

Glessgen CG, Moor M, Stieltjes B, Winkel DJ, Block TK, Merkle EM, Heye TJ, & Boll DT. (2019). Gadoxetate Disodium versus Gadoterate Meglumine: Quantitative respiratory and hemodynamic metrics by using compressed-sensing MRI. Radiology, 293(2), 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019190187

Antwi K, Fani M, Heye T, Nicolas G, Rottenburger C, Kaul F, Merkle E, Zech CJ, Boll D, Vogt DR, Gloor B, Christ E, & Wild D. (2018). Comparison of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) PET/CT, SPECT/CT and 3T MRI for the localisation of occult insulinomas: evaluation of diagnostic accuracy in a prospective crossover imaging study. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 45(13), 2318–2327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4101-5

Heilmaier C, Treier R, Merkle EM, Alkadhi H, Weishaupt D, & Schindera S. (2018). National survey on dose data analysis in computed tomography. European Radiology, 28(12), 5044–5050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5408-0

Donners R, Blackledge M, Tunariu N, Messiou C, Merkle EM, & Koh DM. (2018). Quantitative Whole-Body Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America, 26(4), 479–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2018.06.002

Heye T, Gysin V, Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2018). Structured reporting: The voice of the customer in an ongoing debate about the future of radiology reporting. American Journal of Roentgenology, 211(5), 964–970. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.18.19714

Heye T, Merkle EM, Leyendecker JR, Boll DT, & Gupta RT. (2016). Portrayal of radiology in a major medical television series: How does it influence the perception of radiology among patients and radiology professionals? European Radiology, 26(8), 2863–2869. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-4079-3

Neri E, Bali MA, Ba-Ssalamah A, Boraschi P, Brancatelli G, Alves FC, Grazioli L, Helmberger T, Lee JM, Manfredi R, Martì-Bonmatì L, Matos C, Merkle EM, Op De Beeck B, Schima W, Skehan S, Vilgrain V, Zech C, & Bartolozzi C. (2016). ESGAR consensus statement on liver MR imaging and clinical use of liver-specific contrast agents. European Radiology, 26, 921–931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3900-3

Merkle E.M., Zech CJ, Bartolozzi C, Bashir MR, Ba-Ssalamah A, Huppertz A, Lee JM, Ricke J, Sakamoto M, Sirlin CB, Ye SL, & Zeng M. (2016). Consensus report from the 7th International Forum for Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging. European Radiology, 26(3), 674–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3873-2

Feuerlein S, Davenport MS, Krishnaraj A, Merkle EM, & Gupta RT. (2015). Computed high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging improves lesion contrast and conspicuity in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 18(2), 155–160. https://doi.org/10.1038/pcan.2015.5

Kim CY, Bashir MR, Heye T, Dale BM, Nichols HL, & Merkle EM. (2015). Respiratory-gated noncontrast SPACE MR angiography sequence at 3T for evaluation of the central veins of the chest: A feasibility study. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 41(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24540

Kircher A, Bongartz G, Merkle EM, & Zech CJ. (2014). [Rational imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma. The challenge of multimodal diagnostic criteria]. Der Radiologe, 54(7), 72–664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-014-2652-4

Heye T, Boll DT, Reiner CS, Bashir MR, Dale BM, & Merkle EM. (2014). Impact of precontrast T10 relaxation times on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI pharmacokinetic parameters: T10 mapping versus a fixed T10 reference value. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 39(5), 1136–1145. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24262

Ringe KI, Hinrichs J, Merkle EM, Weismüller TJ, Wacker F, & Meyer BC. (2014). Gadoxetate disodium in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: An analysis of hepatobiliary contrast excretion. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 40(1), 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24381

Sirlin CB, Hussain HK, Jonas E, Kanematsu M, Min Lee J, Merkle EM, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Reeder SB, Ricke J, & Sakamoto M. (2014). Consensus report from the 6th International forum for liver MRI using gadoxetic acid. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 40(3), 516–529. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24419

Reiner CS, Neville AM, Nazeer HK, Breault S, Dale BM, Merkle EM, & Bashir MR. (2013). Contrast-enhanced free-breathing 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence for hepatobiliary MRI in patients with breath-holding difficulties. European Radiology, 23(11), 3087–3093. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-013-2910-2

Bashir, Mustafa R., Zhong, Xiaodong, Dale, Brian M., Gupta, Rajan T., Boll, Daniel T., & Merkle, Elmar M. (2013). Automated patient-tailored screening of the liver for diffuse steatosis and iron overload using MRI. American Journal of Roentgenology, 201(3), 583–588. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.12.10051

Davenport, Matthew S., Heye, Tobias, Dale, Brian M., Horvath, Jeffrey J., Breault, Steven R., Feuerlein, Sebastian, Bashir, Mustafa R., Boll, Daniel T., & Merkle, Elmar M. (2013). Inter- and intra-rater reproducibility of quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced MRI using TWIST perfusion data in a uterine fibroid model. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 38(2), 329–335. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23974

Huang SY, Kim CY, Miller MJ, Gupta RT, Lessne ML, Horvath JJ, Boll DT, Evans PD, Befera NT, Krishnan P, Chan JL, & Merkle EM. (2013). Abdominopelvic and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis: Evaluation with contrast-enhanced mr venography with a blood-pool agent. American Journal of Roentgenology, 201(1), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.12.9611

Reiner CS, Merkle EM, Bashir MR, Walle NL, Nazeer HK, & Gupta RT. (2013). MRI assessment of biliary ductal obstruction: Is there added value of T1-weighted gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced MR cholangiography? American Journal of Roentgenology, 201(1), W49–56. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.12.9332

Ringe KI, Boll DT, Husarik DB, Bashir MR, Gupta RT, & Merkle EM. (2013). Lesion detection and assessment of extrahepatic findings in abdominal MRI using hepatocyte specific contrast agents - comparison of Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA. BMC Medical Imaging, 13(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-13-10

Breault SR, Heye T, Bashir MR, Dale BM, Merkle EM, Reiner CS, Faridi KF, & Gupta RT. (2013). Quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced mri of pelvic and lumbar bone marrow: Effect of age and marrow fat content on pharmacokinetic parameter values. American Journal of Roentgenology, 200(3), W297–303. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.12.9080

Heye T, Davenport MS, Horvath JJ, Feuerlein S, Breault SR, Bashir MR, Merkle EM, & Boll DT. (2013). Reproducibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging: Part I. Perfusion characteristics in the female pelvis by using multiple computer-aided diagnosis perfusion analysis solutions. Radiology, 266(3), 801–811. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12120278

Heye T, Merkle EM, Reiner CS, Davenport MS, Horvath JJ, Feuerlein S, Breault SR, Gall P, Bashir MR, Dale BM, Kiraly AP, & Boll DT. (2013). Reproducibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging part II. Comparison of intra- and interobserver variability with manual region of interest placement versus semiautomatic lesion segmentation and histogram analysis. Radiology, 266(3), 812–821. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12120255

Bashir MR, Gupta RT, Davenport MS, Allen BC, Jaffe TA, Ho LM, Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2013). Hepatocellular carcinoma in a North American population: Does hepatobiliary MR imaging with Gd-EOB-DTPA improve sensitivity and confidence for diagnosis? Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 37(2), 398–406. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23818

Allen BC, Bashir MR, Dale BM, Heye TJ, Gupta RT, & Merkle EM. (2013). Bone marrow enhancement during time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography of the pelvis. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 37(3), 458–462. https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0b013e318283d549

Kim CY, Heye T, Bashir MR, Gebhard TA, & Merkle EM. (2013). Gadofosveset-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the thoracic vasculature in the equilibrium phase: Feasibility and impact of dose. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 37(5), 732–736. https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0b013e318299dde9

Christianson,K, & Merkle,EM. (2012). Diffusion MRI (Vol. 14, pp. 213–228).

Christianson,K, & Merkle,EM. (2012). Time resolved Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography (Vol. 12, pp. 187–200).

Heye,T, & Merkle,EM. (2012). Leber. In Springer: Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo (Vol. 3, pp. 25–62).

Heye,T, & Merkle,EM. (2012). Gallenwege. In Springer: Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo (Vol. 4, pp. 64–77).

Hoang,P, Song,A, & Merkle,EM. (2012). Inversion Recovery (Vol. 6, pp. 83–98).

Mangrum,W, Bashir,M, Merkle,EM, Heyneman,L, Song,A, & Paladino,M. (2012). Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Vol. 15, pp. 229–248).

Mangrum,W, Christianson,K, Duncan,S, Hoang,P, Song,A, & Merkle,EM. (2012). Duke Review of MRI Principles. Case Review Series: Vol. - (p. –).

Mangrum,W, Merkle,EM, & Song,A. (2012). Susceptibility artifact (Vol. 8, pp. 111–126). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-0084-4.00008-5

Scheffel,H, Alkadhi,H, Boss,A, & Merkle,EM. (2012). Praxisbuch MRT Abdomen und Becken. In Springer: Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo: Vol. - (p. –). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25340-9

Gupta RT, Marin D, Boll DT, Husarik DB, Davis DE, Feuerlein S, & Merkle EM. (2012). Hepatic hemangiomas: Difference in enhancement pattern on 3T MR imaging with gadobenate dimeglumine versus gadoxetate disodium. European Journal of Radiology, 81(10), 2457–2462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.10.014

Feuerlein S, Gupta RT, Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2012). Hepatocellular MR contrast agents: Enhancement characteristics of liver parenchyma and portal vein after administration of gadoxetic acid in comparison to gadobenate dimeglumine. European Journal of Radiology, 81(9), 2037–2041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.06.014

Bashir MR, Merkle EM, & Kishnani PS. (2012). Challenges in screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in the glycogen storage disease type 1a population (Patent No. 13). Internal Medicine, 51(13), Article 13. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.51.6857

Gupta RT, Iseman CM, Leyendecker JR, Shyknevsky I, Merkle EM, & Taouli B. (2012). Diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia with MRI: Multicenter retrospective study comparing gadobenate dimeglumine to gadoxetate disodium. American Journal of Roentgenology, 199(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.11.7757

Krishnan P, Gupta RT, Boll DT, Brady CM, Husarik DB, & Merkle EM. (2012). Functional evaluation of cystic duct patency with Gd-EOB-DTPA MR imaging: An alternative to hepatobiliary scintigraphy for diagnosis of acute cholecystitis? Abdominal Imaging, 37(3), 457–464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-011-9785-y

Bashir MR, Husarik DB, Ziemlewicz TJ, Gupta RT, Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2012). Liver MRI in the hepatocyte phase with gadolinium-EOB-DTPA: Does increasing the flip angle improve conspicuity and detection rate of hypointense lesions? Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 35(3), 611–616. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22850

Frydrychowicz A, Lubner MG, Brown JJ, Merkle EM, Nagle SK, Rofsky NM, & Reeder SB. (2012). Hepatobiliary MR imaging with gadolinium-based contrast agents. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 35(3), 492–511. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22833

Bashir MR, Merkle EM, Smith AD, & Boll DT. (2012). Hepatic MR imaging for in vivo differentiation of steatosis, iron deposition and combined storage disorder: Single-ratio in/opposed phase analysis vs. dual-ratio Dixon discrimination. European Journal of Radiology, 81(2), e101–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.01.067

Bashir MR, Dale BM, Gupta RT, Horvath JJ, Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2012). Gradient shimming during magnetic resonance imaging of the liver: Comparison of a standard protocol versus a novel reduced protocol. Investigative Radiology, 47(9), 524–529. https://doi.org/10.1097/rli.0b013e31825a8e5b

Bashir MR, Dale BM, Merkle EM, & Boll DT. (2012). Automated liver sampling using a gradient dual-echo Dixon-based technique. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 67(5), 1469–1477. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.23123

Husarik DB, Bashir MR, Weber PW, Nichols EB, Howle LE, Merkle EM, & Nelson RC. (2012). Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography: First-pass arterial enhancement as a function of gadolinium-chelate concentration, and the saline chaser volume and injection rate. Investigative Radiology, 47(2), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1097/rli.0b013e3182300603

Marin D, Dale BM, Bashir MR, Ziemlewicz TJ, Ringe KI, Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2012). Effectiveness of a three-dimensional dual gradient echo two-point Dixon technique for the characterization of adrenal lesions at 3 Tesla. European Radiology, 22(1), 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-011-2244-x

Husarik DB, Gupta RT, Ringe KI, Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2011). Contrast Enhanced Liver MRI in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Inverse Appearance of Focal Confluent Fibrosis on Delayed Phase MR Images with Hepatocyte Specific versus Extracellular Gadolinium Based Contrast Agents. Academic Radiology, 18(12), 1549–1554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2011.08.007

Pua, U., & Merkle, E.M. (2011). Spontaneous cholecystocolic fistula and locoregional liver tumour ablation: A cautionary tale. British Journal of Radiology, 84(1008). https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/13919678

Ho, L. M., Merkle, E. M., Kuo, P. C., & Paulson, E. K. (2011). Imaging appearance of surgical sponges at 1.5 T MRI: An in vitro study. European Journal of Radiology, 80(2), 514–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.09.036

Wang CL, Chea YW, Boll DT, Samei E, Neville AM, Dale BM, & Merkle EM. (2011). Effect of gadolinium chelate contrast agents on diffusion weighted MR imaging of the liver, spleen, pancreas and kidney at 3 T. European Journal of Radiology, 80(2), e1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.05.019

Philips, G. M., Chan, I. S., Swiderska, M., Schroder, V. T., Guy, C., Karaca, G. F., Moylan, C., Venkatraman, T., Feuerlein, S., Syn, W.-K., Jung, Y., Witek, R. P., Choi, S., Michelotti, G. A., Rangwala, F., Merkle, E., Lascola, C., & Diehl, A. M. (2011). Hedgehog signaling antagonist promotes regression of both liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in a murine model of primary liver cancer. PLoS ONE, 6(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023943

Ringe KI, Husarik DB, Gupta RT, Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2011). Hepatobiliary transit times of gadoxetate disodium (Primovist ®) for protocol optimization of comprehensive MR imaging of the biliary system - What is normal? European Journal of Radiology, 79(2), 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.03.008

Husarik DB, Boll DT, Nelson RC, & Merkle EM. (2011). Low-dose Unenhanced CT for IV Contrast Bolus Timing: Is It Reliable to Assess Hepatic Steatosis? Academic Radiology, 18(7), 822–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2011.02.013

Lee, J. M., Zech, C. J., Bolondi, L., Jonas, E., Kim, M.-J., Matsui, O., Merkle, E. M., Sakamoto, M., & Choi, B. I. (2011). Consensus report of the 4th international forum for gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid magnetic resonance imaging. Korean Journal of Radiology, 12(4), 403–415. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2011.12.4.403

Miller CM, Gupta RT, Paulson EK, Neville AM, Bashir MR, Merkle EM, & Boll DT. (2011). Effect of organ enhancement and habitus on estimation of unenhanced attenuation at contrast-enhanced dual-energy MDCT: Concepts for individualized and organ-specific spectral iodine subtraction strategies. American Journal of Roentgenology, 196(5), W558–64. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.10.4858

Neville AM, Gupta RT, Miller CM, Merkle EM, Paulson EK, & Boll DT. (2011). Detection of renal lesion enhancement with dual-energy multidetector CT. Radiology, 259(1), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.10101170

Bashir, M. R., & Merkle, E. M. (2011). Improved liver lesion conspicuity by increasing the flip angle during hepatocyte phase MR imaging. European Radiology, 21(2), 291–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-010-1917-1

Feuerlein S, Boll DT, Gupta RT, Ringe KI, Marin D, & Merkle EM. (2011). Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced hepatic MRI: Dose-dependent contrast dynamics of hepatic parenchyma and portal vein. American Journal of Roentgenology, 196(1), W18–24. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.10.4387

Kamel, I. R., & Merkle, E. M. (2011). Body MR imaging at 3 Tesla. In Body MR Imaging at 3 Tesla (Vol. 9780521194860). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511978968

Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2010). Imaging at higher magnetic fields: 3 T versus 1.5 T. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America, 18(3), 549–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2010.08.008

Roth CJ, Boll DT, Wall LK, & Merkle EM. (2010). Evaluation of MRI acquisition workflow with lean six sigma method: Case study of liver and knee examinations. American Journal of Roentgenology, 195(2), W150–6. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.3678

Cruite, I., Schroeder, M., Merkle, E. M., & Sirlin, C. B. (2010). Gadoxetate disodium - Enhanced MRI of the liver: Part 2, protocol optimization and lesion appearance in the cirrhotic liver. American Journal of Roentgenology, 195(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.10.4538

Proscia, N., Jaffe, T. A., Neville, A. M., Wang, C. L., Dale, B. M., & Merkle, E. M. (2010). MRI of the pelvis in women: 3D versus 2D T2-weighted technique. American Journal of Roentgenology, 195(1), 254–259. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.3226

Marin D, Husarik DB, Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2010). Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T: Oncological applications. Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 21(3), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1097/RMR.0b013e3181e8fb7a

Ringe, K. I., Gupta, R. T., Brady, C. M., Massey, C. M., Hahn, A., Galanski, M., Merkle, E. M., & Lotz, J. (2010). Respiratory-triggered three-dimensional T2-weighted MR cholangiography after injection of gadoxetate disodium: Is it still reliable? Radiology, 255(2), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.10091130

Ahmad, M., Liu, Y., Slavens, Z. W., Low, R., Merkle, E., Hwang, K.-P., Vu, A., & Ma, J. (2010). A method for automatic identification of water and fat images from a symmetrically sampled dual-echo Dixon technique. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 28(3), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2009.11.005

Boll DT, Marin D, Redmon GM, Zink SI, & Merkle EM. (2010). Pilot study assessing differentiation of steatosis hepatis, Hepatic iron overload, and combined disease using two-point dixon MRI at 3 T: In vitro and in vivo results of a 2D decomposition technique (Patent No. 4). American Journal of Roentgenology, 194(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.3011

Boll DT, Patil NA, Paulson EK, Merkle EM, Nelson RC, Schindera ST, Roessl E, Martens G, Proksa R, Fleiter TR, & Schlomka JP. (2010). Focal cystic high-attenuation lesions: Characterization in renal phantom by using photon-counting spectral CT - Improved differentiation of lesion composition. Radiology, 254(1), 270–276. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.09090068

Dale BM, Braithwaite AC, Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2010). Field strength and diffusion encoding technique affect the apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in diffusion-weighted imaging of the abdomen. Investigative Radiology, 45(2), 104–108. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181c8ceac

Grazioli, L., Lee, J. M., Malfertheiner, P., Zech, C. J., Blomqvist, L., & Merkle, E. M. (2010). Consensus report of the third international forum for liver magnetic resonance imaging. Investigative Radiology, 45(12 SUPPL. 1). https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181fe7083

Gupta RT, Brady CM, Lotz J, Boll DT, & Merkle EM. (2010). Dynamic MR imaging of the biliary system using hepatocyte-specific contrast agents. American Journal of Roentgenology, 195(2), 405–413. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.3641

Marin D, Soher BJ, Dale BM, Boll DT, Youngblood RS, & Merkle EM. (2010). Characterization of adrenal lesions: Comparison of 2D and 3D dual gradient-echo MR imaging at 3 T - preliminary results. Radiology, 254(1), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.09090486